Integrand size = 15, antiderivative size = 125 \[ \int x^8 \left (a+b x^4\right )^{3/4} \, dx=-\frac {5 a^2 x \left (a+b x^4\right )^{3/4}}{128 b^2}+\frac {a x^5 \left (a+b x^4\right )^{3/4}}{32 b}+\frac {1}{12} x^9 \left (a+b x^4\right )^{3/4}+\frac {5 a^3 \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{b} x}{\sqrt [4]{a+b x^4}}\right )}{256 b^{9/4}}+\frac {5 a^3 \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{b} x}{\sqrt [4]{a+b x^4}}\right )}{256 b^{9/4}} \]
-5/128*a^2*x*(b*x^4+a)^(3/4)/b^2+1/32*a*x^5*(b*x^4+a)^(3/4)/b+1/12*x^9*(b* x^4+a)^(3/4)+5/256*a^3*arctan(b^(1/4)*x/(b*x^4+a)^(1/4))/b^(9/4)+5/256*a^3 *arctanh(b^(1/4)*x/(b*x^4+a)^(1/4))/b^(9/4)
Time = 0.52 (sec) , antiderivative size = 98, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.78 \[ \int x^8 \left (a+b x^4\right )^{3/4} \, dx=\frac {2 \sqrt [4]{b} x \left (a+b x^4\right )^{3/4} \left (-15 a^2+12 a b x^4+32 b^2 x^8\right )+15 a^3 \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{b} x}{\sqrt [4]{a+b x^4}}\right )+15 a^3 \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{b} x}{\sqrt [4]{a+b x^4}}\right )}{768 b^{9/4}} \]
(2*b^(1/4)*x*(a + b*x^4)^(3/4)*(-15*a^2 + 12*a*b*x^4 + 32*b^2*x^8) + 15*a^ 3*ArcTan[(b^(1/4)*x)/(a + b*x^4)^(1/4)] + 15*a^3*ArcTanh[(b^(1/4)*x)/(a + b*x^4)^(1/4)])/(768*b^(9/4))
Time = 0.26 (sec) , antiderivative size = 139, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.11, number of steps used = 8, number of rules used = 7, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.467, Rules used = {811, 843, 843, 770, 756, 216, 219}
Below are the steps used by Rubi to obtain the solution. The rule number used for the transformation is given above next to the arrow. The rules definitions used are listed below.
\(\displaystyle \int x^8 \left (a+b x^4\right )^{3/4} \, dx\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 811 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {1}{4} a \int \frac {x^8}{\sqrt [4]{b x^4+a}}dx+\frac {1}{12} x^9 \left (a+b x^4\right )^{3/4}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 843 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {1}{4} a \left (\frac {x^5 \left (a+b x^4\right )^{3/4}}{8 b}-\frac {5 a \int \frac {x^4}{\sqrt [4]{b x^4+a}}dx}{8 b}\right )+\frac {1}{12} x^9 \left (a+b x^4\right )^{3/4}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 843 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {1}{4} a \left (\frac {x^5 \left (a+b x^4\right )^{3/4}}{8 b}-\frac {5 a \left (\frac {x \left (a+b x^4\right )^{3/4}}{4 b}-\frac {a \int \frac {1}{\sqrt [4]{b x^4+a}}dx}{4 b}\right )}{8 b}\right )+\frac {1}{12} x^9 \left (a+b x^4\right )^{3/4}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 770 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {1}{4} a \left (\frac {x^5 \left (a+b x^4\right )^{3/4}}{8 b}-\frac {5 a \left (\frac {x \left (a+b x^4\right )^{3/4}}{4 b}-\frac {a \int \frac {1}{1-\frac {b x^4}{b x^4+a}}d\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{b x^4+a}}}{4 b}\right )}{8 b}\right )+\frac {1}{12} x^9 \left (a+b x^4\right )^{3/4}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 756 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {1}{4} a \left (\frac {x^5 \left (a+b x^4\right )^{3/4}}{8 b}-\frac {5 a \left (\frac {x \left (a+b x^4\right )^{3/4}}{4 b}-\frac {a \left (\frac {1}{2} \int \frac {1}{1-\frac {\sqrt {b} x^2}{\sqrt {b x^4+a}}}d\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{b x^4+a}}+\frac {1}{2} \int \frac {1}{\frac {\sqrt {b} x^2}{\sqrt {b x^4+a}}+1}d\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{b x^4+a}}\right )}{4 b}\right )}{8 b}\right )+\frac {1}{12} x^9 \left (a+b x^4\right )^{3/4}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 216 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {1}{4} a \left (\frac {x^5 \left (a+b x^4\right )^{3/4}}{8 b}-\frac {5 a \left (\frac {x \left (a+b x^4\right )^{3/4}}{4 b}-\frac {a \left (\frac {1}{2} \int \frac {1}{1-\frac {\sqrt {b} x^2}{\sqrt {b x^4+a}}}d\frac {x}{\sqrt [4]{b x^4+a}}+\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{b} x}{\sqrt [4]{a+b x^4}}\right )}{2 \sqrt [4]{b}}\right )}{4 b}\right )}{8 b}\right )+\frac {1}{12} x^9 \left (a+b x^4\right )^{3/4}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 219 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {1}{4} a \left (\frac {x^5 \left (a+b x^4\right )^{3/4}}{8 b}-\frac {5 a \left (\frac {x \left (a+b x^4\right )^{3/4}}{4 b}-\frac {a \left (\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{b} x}{\sqrt [4]{a+b x^4}}\right )}{2 \sqrt [4]{b}}+\frac {\text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{b} x}{\sqrt [4]{a+b x^4}}\right )}{2 \sqrt [4]{b}}\right )}{4 b}\right )}{8 b}\right )+\frac {1}{12} x^9 \left (a+b x^4\right )^{3/4}\) |
(x^9*(a + b*x^4)^(3/4))/12 + (a*((x^5*(a + b*x^4)^(3/4))/(8*b) - (5*a*((x* (a + b*x^4)^(3/4))/(4*b) - (a*(ArcTan[(b^(1/4)*x)/(a + b*x^4)^(1/4)]/(2*b^ (1/4)) + ArcTanh[(b^(1/4)*x)/(a + b*x^4)^(1/4)]/(2*b^(1/4))))/(4*b)))/(8*b )))/4
3.11.32.3.1 Defintions of rubi rules used
Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2)^(-1), x_Symbol] :> Simp[(1/(Rt[a, 2]*Rt[b, 2]))*A rcTan[Rt[b, 2]*(x/Rt[a, 2])], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b}, x] && PosQ[a/b] && (GtQ[a , 0] || GtQ[b, 0])
Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2)^(-1), x_Symbol] :> Simp[(1/(Rt[a, 2]*Rt[-b, 2]))* ArcTanh[Rt[-b, 2]*(x/Rt[a, 2])], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b}, x] && NegQ[a/b] && (Gt Q[a, 0] || LtQ[b, 0])
Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^4)^(-1), x_Symbol] :> With[{r = Numerator[Rt[-a/b, 2 ]], s = Denominator[Rt[-a/b, 2]]}, Simp[r/(2*a) Int[1/(r - s*x^2), x], x] + Simp[r/(2*a) Int[1/(r + s*x^2), x], x]] /; FreeQ[{a, b}, x] && !GtQ[a /b, 0]
Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^(n_))^(p_), x_Symbol] :> Simp[a^(p + 1/n) Subst[In t[1/(1 - b*x^n)^(p + 1/n + 1), x], x, x/(a + b*x^n)^(1/n)], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b}, x] && IGtQ[n, 0] && LtQ[-1, p, 0] && NeQ[p, -2^(-1)] && IntegerQ[p + 1 /n]
Int[((c_.)*(x_))^(m_.)*((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^(n_))^(p_), x_Symbol] :> Simp[(c* x)^(m + 1)*((a + b*x^n)^p/(c*(m + n*p + 1))), x] + Simp[a*n*(p/(m + n*p + 1 )) Int[(c*x)^m*(a + b*x^n)^(p - 1), x], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, m}, x] && I GtQ[n, 0] && GtQ[p, 0] && NeQ[m + n*p + 1, 0] && IntBinomialQ[a, b, c, n, m , p, x]
Int[((c_.)*(x_))^(m_)*((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^(n_))^(p_), x_Symbol] :> Simp[c^(n - 1)*(c*x)^(m - n + 1)*((a + b*x^n)^(p + 1)/(b*(m + n*p + 1))), x] - Simp[ a*c^n*((m - n + 1)/(b*(m + n*p + 1))) Int[(c*x)^(m - n)*(a + b*x^n)^p, x] , x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, p}, x] && IGtQ[n, 0] && GtQ[m, n - 1] && NeQ[m + n* p + 1, 0] && IntBinomialQ[a, b, c, n, m, p, x]
Time = 4.37 (sec) , antiderivative size = 126, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.01
method | result | size |
pseudoelliptic | \(\frac {128 b^{\frac {9}{4}} \left (b \,x^{4}+a \right )^{\frac {3}{4}} x^{9}+48 a \,b^{\frac {5}{4}} x^{5} \left (b \,x^{4}+a \right )^{\frac {3}{4}}-60 a^{2} x \,b^{\frac {1}{4}} \left (b \,x^{4}+a \right )^{\frac {3}{4}}-30 \arctan \left (\frac {\left (b \,x^{4}+a \right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}{b^{\frac {1}{4}} x}\right ) a^{3}+15 \ln \left (\frac {-b^{\frac {1}{4}} x -\left (b \,x^{4}+a \right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}{b^{\frac {1}{4}} x -\left (b \,x^{4}+a \right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}\right ) a^{3}}{1536 b^{\frac {9}{4}}}\) | \(126\) |
1/1536*(128*b^(9/4)*(b*x^4+a)^(3/4)*x^9+48*a*b^(5/4)*x^5*(b*x^4+a)^(3/4)-6 0*a^2*x*b^(1/4)*(b*x^4+a)^(3/4)-30*arctan(1/b^(1/4)/x*(b*x^4+a)^(1/4))*a^3 +15*ln((-b^(1/4)*x-(b*x^4+a)^(1/4))/(b^(1/4)*x-(b*x^4+a)^(1/4)))*a^3)/b^(9 /4)
Result contains complex when optimal does not.
Time = 0.28 (sec) , antiderivative size = 234, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.87 \[ \int x^8 \left (a+b x^4\right )^{3/4} \, dx=\frac {15 \, \left (\frac {a^{12}}{b^{9}}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} b^{2} \log \left (\frac {125 \, {\left ({\left (b x^{4} + a\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} a^{9} + \left (\frac {a^{12}}{b^{9}}\right )^{\frac {3}{4}} b^{7} x\right )}}{x}\right ) - 15 i \, \left (\frac {a^{12}}{b^{9}}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} b^{2} \log \left (\frac {125 \, {\left ({\left (b x^{4} + a\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} a^{9} + i \, \left (\frac {a^{12}}{b^{9}}\right )^{\frac {3}{4}} b^{7} x\right )}}{x}\right ) + 15 i \, \left (\frac {a^{12}}{b^{9}}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} b^{2} \log \left (\frac {125 \, {\left ({\left (b x^{4} + a\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} a^{9} - i \, \left (\frac {a^{12}}{b^{9}}\right )^{\frac {3}{4}} b^{7} x\right )}}{x}\right ) - 15 \, \left (\frac {a^{12}}{b^{9}}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} b^{2} \log \left (\frac {125 \, {\left ({\left (b x^{4} + a\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} a^{9} - \left (\frac {a^{12}}{b^{9}}\right )^{\frac {3}{4}} b^{7} x\right )}}{x}\right ) + 4 \, {\left (32 \, b^{2} x^{9} + 12 \, a b x^{5} - 15 \, a^{2} x\right )} {\left (b x^{4} + a\right )}^{\frac {3}{4}}}{1536 \, b^{2}} \]
1/1536*(15*(a^12/b^9)^(1/4)*b^2*log(125*((b*x^4 + a)^(1/4)*a^9 + (a^12/b^9 )^(3/4)*b^7*x)/x) - 15*I*(a^12/b^9)^(1/4)*b^2*log(125*((b*x^4 + a)^(1/4)*a ^9 + I*(a^12/b^9)^(3/4)*b^7*x)/x) + 15*I*(a^12/b^9)^(1/4)*b^2*log(125*((b* x^4 + a)^(1/4)*a^9 - I*(a^12/b^9)^(3/4)*b^7*x)/x) - 15*(a^12/b^9)^(1/4)*b^ 2*log(125*((b*x^4 + a)^(1/4)*a^9 - (a^12/b^9)^(3/4)*b^7*x)/x) + 4*(32*b^2* x^9 + 12*a*b*x^5 - 15*a^2*x)*(b*x^4 + a)^(3/4))/b^2
Result contains complex when optimal does not.
Time = 3.62 (sec) , antiderivative size = 39, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.31 \[ \int x^8 \left (a+b x^4\right )^{3/4} \, dx=\frac {a^{\frac {3}{4}} x^{9} \Gamma \left (\frac {9}{4}\right ) {{}_{2}F_{1}\left (\begin {matrix} - \frac {3}{4}, \frac {9}{4} \\ \frac {13}{4} \end {matrix}\middle | {\frac {b x^{4} e^{i \pi }}{a}} \right )}}{4 \Gamma \left (\frac {13}{4}\right )} \]
a**(3/4)*x**9*gamma(9/4)*hyper((-3/4, 9/4), (13/4,), b*x**4*exp_polar(I*pi )/a)/(4*gamma(13/4))
Time = 0.28 (sec) , antiderivative size = 189, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.51 \[ \int x^8 \left (a+b x^4\right )^{3/4} \, dx=-\frac {5 \, a^{3} {\left (\frac {2 \, \arctan \left (\frac {{\left (b x^{4} + a\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}}{b^{\frac {1}{4}} x}\right )}{b^{\frac {1}{4}}} + \frac {\log \left (-\frac {b^{\frac {1}{4}} - \frac {{\left (b x^{4} + a\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}}{x}}{b^{\frac {1}{4}} + \frac {{\left (b x^{4} + a\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}}{x}}\right )}{b^{\frac {1}{4}}}\right )}}{512 \, b^{2}} - \frac {\frac {5 \, {\left (b x^{4} + a\right )}^{\frac {3}{4}} a^{3} b^{2}}{x^{3}} + \frac {42 \, {\left (b x^{4} + a\right )}^{\frac {7}{4}} a^{3} b}{x^{7}} - \frac {15 \, {\left (b x^{4} + a\right )}^{\frac {11}{4}} a^{3}}{x^{11}}}{384 \, {\left (b^{5} - \frac {3 \, {\left (b x^{4} + a\right )} b^{4}}{x^{4}} + \frac {3 \, {\left (b x^{4} + a\right )}^{2} b^{3}}{x^{8}} - \frac {{\left (b x^{4} + a\right )}^{3} b^{2}}{x^{12}}\right )}} \]
-5/512*a^3*(2*arctan((b*x^4 + a)^(1/4)/(b^(1/4)*x))/b^(1/4) + log(-(b^(1/4 ) - (b*x^4 + a)^(1/4)/x)/(b^(1/4) + (b*x^4 + a)^(1/4)/x))/b^(1/4))/b^2 - 1 /384*(5*(b*x^4 + a)^(3/4)*a^3*b^2/x^3 + 42*(b*x^4 + a)^(7/4)*a^3*b/x^7 - 1 5*(b*x^4 + a)^(11/4)*a^3/x^11)/(b^5 - 3*(b*x^4 + a)*b^4/x^4 + 3*(b*x^4 + a )^2*b^3/x^8 - (b*x^4 + a)^3*b^2/x^12)
\[ \int x^8 \left (a+b x^4\right )^{3/4} \, dx=\int { {\left (b x^{4} + a\right )}^{\frac {3}{4}} x^{8} \,d x } \]
Timed out. \[ \int x^8 \left (a+b x^4\right )^{3/4} \, dx=\int x^8\,{\left (b\,x^4+a\right )}^{3/4} \,d x \]